USB-C TYPE (A NEW WAY OF POWER/DATA TRANSMISSION)

INTRODUCTION

• USB Type-C, commonly known as simply USB-C, is a 24-pin USB connector system allowing transport of data and power. It is distinguished by its horizontally symmetrical "reversible" connector.

• The USB Type-C Specification 1.0 was published by the USB Implementer Forum (USB-IF) and was finalized in August 2014. 

• It was developed at roughly the same time as the USB 3.1 specification.

• A device that implements USB-C does not necessarily implement USB 3.1, USB Power Delivery, or Alternate Mode

• The USB-C connectors connect to both hosts and devices, replacing various USB-B and USB-A connectors

• The 24-pin double-sided connector is slightly larger than the micro-B connector

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• The connector provides four power/ground pairs, two differential pairs for non-Super Speed data (though only one pair is populated in a USB-C cable), four pairs for Super Speed data bus (only two pairs are used in USB 3.1 mode),

• two "side band use" pins,5 V power for active cables, and a configuration pin used for cable orientation detection and dedicated bi phase mark code (BMC) configuration data channel.

• Connecting an older device to a host with a USB-C receptacle requires a cable or adapter with a USB-A or USB-B plug or receptacle on one end and a USB-C plug on the other end. 

• Legacy adapters with a USB-C receptacle are "not defined or allowed" by the specification because they can create "many invalid and potentially unsafe" cable combinations.
• Devices may be hosts or peripherals. Some, such as mobile phones.These types of ports are called Dual-Role-Data (DRD).dual-role devices that implement USB Power Delivery may independently and dynamically swap data and power roles using the Data Role Swap or Power Role Swap processes
•  This allows for charge-through hub or docking station applications where the Type-C device acts as a USB data host while acting as a power consumer rather than a source
• USB-C devices may optionally provide or consume bus power currents of 1.5 A and 3.0 A (at 5 V) in addition to baseline bus power provision

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Cables

• USB-C 3.1 cables are considered full-featured USB-C cables. They are electronically marked cables that contain a chip with an ID function based on the configuration channel and vendor-defined messages (VDM) from the USB Power Delivery 2.0 specification.
• Electronic ID chip provides information about product/vendor, cable connectors, USB signalling protocol (2.0, Gen1, Gen 2), passive/active construction, use of V_CONNpower, available V_BUS current, latency, RX/TX directionality, SOP controller mode, and hardware/firmware version 
• USB-C 2.0 cables do not have shielded SuperSpeed pairs, sideband use pins, or additional wires for power lines. Increased cable lengths up to 4 m are possible.
• All USB-C cables must be able to carry a minimum of 3 A current (up to 60 W @20V) but can also carry high-power 5 A current (up to 100 W)
• Full-featured USB-C cables that implement USB 3.1 Gen 2 can handle up to 10 Gbit/s data rate and marked with a Super Speed+ (Super Speed 10 Gbit/s) logo

Modes

Audio Adapter Accessory Mode

• USB-C plug supports analog headsets through an audio adapter accessory with a 3.5 mm socket providing four standard analog audio signals (Left, Right, Mic, and GND). 
• The audio adapter may optionally include a USB-C pass-through plug to allow 500 mA device charging. 
• The engineering specification states that a 3.5 mm analog headset jack should not replace a USB-C plug.  

Alternate mode

• An Alternate Mode dedicates some of the physical wires in a USB-C 3.1 cable for direct device-to-host transmission of alternate data protocols

Credit-Wikipedia